His father Gebhard of Supplinburg joined the Saxon Rebellion against the ruling Salian dynasty and died on 9 June 1075 in the Battle of Langensalza, fighting troops loyal to emperor Henry IV. Charlemagne founded . However, the existence of the marriage, despite being recorded by relative contemporary and later sources (Richerus, Rodulfus Glaber, the Chronicon Andegavensi and the Chronicle of Saint-Maxence, among others), was recently challenged by historian Carlrichard Brülh.[26]. To secure Welf support for his election as king, Lothair married Gertrude to Henry X, Duke of Bavaria, on 29 May 1127. In early 986 Lothair intended to attack Cambrai, an imperial city but one dependent on the Archbishoprics of Reims and Liège;[34] he thought that he could convince Bishop Rothard to surrender the city in exchange for his appointment as Archbishop of Rheims (following the deposition of Adalberon) and Prince-Bishop of Liège (whose Prince-Bishop Notger finally escaped to Ottonian territory[35]); but the King suddenly died at Laon on 2 March 986. [12][14], Duke Vladislaus I of Bohemia died in 1125. Innocent had to leave Rome and fled to France. [24], Both popes offered Lothair the imperial crown. [15], A military campaign against Soběslav was launched and in February 1126 Lothair's force entered Bohemian territory and was promptly defeated at the Battle of Chlumec. He acted autonomously by vesting Count Adolf of Schauenburg with the newly established County of Holstein in 1111. Michael Idomir Allen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), p. 266, Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family Who Forged Europe, trans. The Bishops of Reims and Laon, with the House of Ardennes, supported this rapprochement. Lothair refused to renounce the land which he considered rightfully belonging to him: he decided to make an alliance with Henry II, and on 1 February 985 their combined forces arrived to the banks of the Rhine in Brissach. Subsequently the Franks desired to rule the acquisition, which proved to be only partly successful, as a long process of depopulation and recurring population replacement by Franconians, Bavarians and Christianized Slavs followed. [27] When the King ordered the destruction of the fortifications that surrounded the monastery of Saint-Paul in Verdun, Adalberon refused on the grounds that his hungry soldiers no longer were able to keep the city. Lothair had already been associated with the throne since the illness of his father in 951, this being a custom in the royal succession since the founding of the Kingdom of the Franks by the Merovingian dynasty. By the late Middle Ages, the region was considered part of Swabia. The failure of the alliance with the House of Anjou reinforced the power of the Robertians, and finally they supported Hugh Capet against Charles of Lower Lorraine in 987. Lothair. [9], In 962 Baldwin III, Count of Flanders, son, co-ruler, and heir of Arnulf I, Count of Flanders died and Arnulf bequeathed Flanders to Lothair. In response, Conrad III deprived him of all his territories. As Emperor Lothair I was approaching death, he divided his realm of Middle Francia among his sons. The middle slice, Middle Francia, was ruled by Lothair I, and thereby also came to be referred to as "Lotharingia" or "Lorraine". 1 Request 2 Completion 3 Additional Information 4 Other Quests Your Highness! When his grave was opened in 1620, a sword and an imperial orb were found among other things. In 1136 the campaign against Roger began at the insistence of Innocent II and Byzantine Emperor John II Comnenus. ''There is an envoy from Lothair III. This peace was perceived negatively by the Robertians, who were excluded from the negotiations. Roman writers noted the presence of three main ethno-linguistic groups in the area: the Gauls, the Aquitani, and the Belgae. His realm contained the imperial cities of Aachen, the residence of Charlemagne, as … Ivana the Bold asked her son, Lothaire, as guards escorted them to the vampire known as Stefanovich-the king of the Vampire Horde. Front or imperial side of the Cross of Lothair, dating c. 1000 CE, from the cathedral treasury at Aachen. Thanks to Adalberon, Lothair obtained the homage of several major Lotharingian nobles including Godfrey I, Count of Verdun, a member of the House of Ardennes. Emerging from the crisis in Aquitaine, Lothair counted on the loyalty of ten powerful northern bishops of the kingdom and their vassals, and the alliance with the powerful House of Vermandois in the person of Herbert III, Count of Vermandois, his nephew – as son of his half-sister Gerberge of Lorraine. Due to a lack of evidence, both the Queen and Bishop were absolved, but Charles, who maintained the rumors, was expelled from the kingdom by Lothair. After the death of Louis in 840, Lothair tried to reclaim the power he'd originally wielded as emperor, but his two surviving brothers, Louis the German and Charles the Bald , joined forces against him, and a bloody civil war ensued. 276–77. Start This article has been rated as Start-Class on the project's quality scale. The emperor, who had hoped for the complete conquest of Sicily, instead captured Capua and Apulia from Roger and bestowed them on Roger's enemies. He is sending threats and hatred your way. On 8 June 979 Prince Louis was crowned as associated ruler or Junior King (iunior rex)[c][21] –although he did not actually assume power until Lothair's death in 986–,[22][23] being the second time of this new practice in the kingdom of West Francia, which later was adapted by the Capetians. Lothair then hoped to receive the full sovereignty over Lotharingia. Michael Idomir Allen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), pp. Childerich also rules the Guild vs. Guild (GvG) province, Cor Belli, on the HMA map. Otto II, however, committed the mistakes of restoring the County of Hainaut to Reginar IV and Lambert I, and of appointing Charles as Duke of Lower Lorraine, a region corresponding to the northern half of Lotharingia, separate from the Upper Lotharingia since the late 950. In the name of Theophanu, Adalberon offered Lothair the recovery of Lotharingia. [12][13] Although Lothair secretly encouraged this war, he did not intervene directly to help his brother. With Bruno's advice, Lothair mediated between Hugh's sons – Hugh Capet and Otto, Duke of Burgundy. When Lothair and Innocent II argued over feudal sovereignty of the Duchy of Puglia and tensions among his troops arose, he abandoned the campaign and returned home. [37] Their only son was Henry the Lion.[37]. The Treaty of Prüm, concluded on 19 September 855, was the second of the partition treaties of the Carolingian Empire. Henry II did not keep his alliance with Lothair, so the king decided to advance to the Lotharingia alone. Looking for support of his kingship, in 1128 Conrad went to Italy, where he was crowned King of Italy by Anselm V, Archbishop of Milan. After Lothair's death in 1137, the Hohenstaufen Conrad was elected King as Conrad III. After returning to Laon, Lothair forced Adalberon to build a fortress in Verdun to prevent the city from being taken by the Imperial forces. Soběslav captured high-ranking nobles, like Albert the Bear and Louis I of Thuringia. [27] Adalberon of Reims, eager to support Otto III and his mother Empress Theophanu, tried to convince Lothair to support the Empress against the Duke of Bavaria. By Negotiation: He thanks you for the good trade agreements you've made. The chief cause of this decline was lack of a government which could keep order. On Arnulf's death in 965, Lothair invaded Flanders and took many cities, but was eventually repulsed by the supporters of Arnulf II, Count of Flanders. He succeeded his father on 10 September 954 at the age of thirteen and was crowned at the Abbey of Saint-Remi by Artald of Reims, Archbishop of Reims on 12 November 954. [12] Innocent II crowned Lothair King of the Romans again on 29 March 1131. When fully acquired, it gives the player loot. K. Paul, Trench, Trübner, 1906 - BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY - 345 pages. His reign was more than just an episode between Salians and Staufer and considered an era of self-confident rule over the empire, even if his political vision of the establishment of a Welf kingdom on March 7, 1138 in Koblenz was destroyed by the “coup d'état” of the Staufers. Your Highness! Platinum Collection Build Your Own Bundle. [7] Emboldened by the promotion and incensed over the king's increasingly autocratic rule, such as the wanton imposition of a new tax on ducal lords, Duke Lothair joined the growing opposition party to Henry. On 11 May 986, Adalberon was summoned to an assembly at Compiègne under false pretences (among them, that he placed his nephew and namesake Adalberon in the bishopric seat of Verdun without royal consent[31]) and charged the surprised archbishop with treason. Middle zone. [33] Lothair could have intended to strengthen his stranglehold on Verdun and its region by forcing Adalberon to pursue his nephew Adalberon of Verdun, son of Count Godfrey I.[33]. [5][6], Lothair's land purchases, inheritance and marriage alliances among the Saxon nobles, resulted in the acquisition of the domains of the House of Billung and the Counts of Northeim. The marriage with Richenza of the Brunonids in particular, made him the wealthiest nobleman among his fellow Saxons. [25][15], In the northern empire Lothair finally succeeded and defeated the Staufers in 1135 thanks to the help of Henry the Proud, who had been the Duke of Bavaria since the death of his father, Henry the Black. [4] Lothair had already been associated with the throne since the illness of his father in 951, this being a custom in the royal succession since the founding of the Kingdom of the Franks by the Merovingian dynasty. [5], Queen Gerberga made an arrangement with her brother-in-law Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris, who had been an adversary of Lothair's father. [27] In a letter Gerbert of Aurillac wrote to the Archbishop Adalbero that "Lothair is king of France in name alone; Hugh is, however, not in name but in effect and deed. Adalbert of Mainz considered Lothair to be a suitable candidate. Emperor and Pope eventually jointly bequeathed the duchy to Rainulf of Alife. Michael Idomir Allen (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1993), p. 278, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Count Raymond of Toulouse, Prince of Gothia, Provisional Government of the French Republic, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lothair_of_France&oldid=994968302, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from November 2020, All articles needing additional references, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. When fully acquired, it gives the player loot. In retaliation Otto II, accompanied by Charles, invaded West Francia in October 978 and ravaged Reims, Soissons (where he stopped at the Abbey of St. Medard, Soissons for devotions[17]) and Laon. The Province of Veletrites is one of the High Middle Ages provinces and consists of five sectors, ruled by Lothair III. [15], Lothair, now uncontested ruler, set out in 1136 with a sizeable army. This alliance worried Adalberon of Reims, who contacted Hugh Capet. But Herbert III was relatively old and the bishops who had served his father Louis IV were more inclined towards spiritual tasks than to the defense of royal interests. At this point Lothair's power seemed markedly less than that of Hugh Capet. The sources, however provide conflicting dates. However, soon the noticeable age difference between them – Louis was fifteen while Adelaide was a forty-year-old woman – and Louis' debauched lifestyle caused the end of the marriage in 984, with Lothair supporting his son while Adelaide took refuge with Count William I of Provence, who soon became her fourth husband. His body was boiled to prevent putrefaction,[35] and his bones were transferred to the Collegiate Church of Saints Peter and Paul at Königslutter, which he had chosen as his burial site and for which he had laid the cornerstone in 1135. The succession was disputed among his surviving brother Soběslav I and his Moravian cousin Otto the Black, who was supported by Vladislaus' widow Richeza of Berg. Henry the Proud, Lothair’s son-in-law and heir, refused to acknowledge the new king. As Anacletus controlled St. Peter, Lothair's imperial coronation took place in the Lateran Basilica on 4 June 1133. Worsening relations with the Holy Roman Empire, Reconciliation with the Holy Roman Empire, Following the death of his second wife Eadhild in early 937, Hugh the Great married for the third time between 9 May and 14 September of that year with. Lothair was born in Laon near the end of 941, as the eldest son of King Louis IV and Gerberga of Saxony. The early Middle Ages may justly be called the Dark Age... During the early Middle Ages, from 476 to about 1100, European civilization slipped back into semi-barbarism. Eastern zone. [33] Innocent, however, protested, claiming that Apulia fell under papal reign. 264–65, Pierre Riché, The Carolingians; A Family Who Forged Europe, trans. By his wife, Richenza of Northeim, Lothair had only one surviving child, a daughter Gertrude, born 18 April 1115. Western zone. [18], After Lothair's 1127 campaign against the Staufers had collapsed at the gates of Nuremberg, the Swabians and the Franconians declared Frederick's younger brother Conrad anti-king Conrad III. [12][18] Lothair took advantage of Conrad's absence and weak position and resumed his attacks on the Staufers and in 1129 conquered the Staufer cities Nuremberg and Speyer. He carefully avoided hostilities but attempted to besiege Milan, which, however, failed. Lothair was temporarily deposed in 1112, when Henry transferred the ducal title to Otto of Ballenstedt. The chronicler say:[19] "As for the Emperor Otto, followed by those of his people who were able to escape, he returned to his country in the greatest confusion; after which neither he nor his army ever returned to France". On 30 November 978, Otto II and Charles, unable to take Paris, lifted their siege of the city and turned back. [29] At the Reichstag in Bamberg in 1135 the brothers were pardoned and restored to their office and estates. He then released his Lorraine prisoners, but Godfrey I chose to stay in prison rather than surrender Mons, in Hainaut, and force his son to give up all claims over the County and the Bishopric of Verdun. Culture. For the French monarch, see, He was the second emperor named Lothair, but is numbered "Lothair III" by those who count as his predecessor. The Middle Ages is one of the three major periods in the most enduring scheme for analysing European history: classical civilisation or Antiquity, the Middle Ages and the Modern Period. [22], In 1134 Lothar appointed the Ascanian Albert the Bear as Margrave of Brandenburg and in 1136 Conrad the Great of Wettin, already margrave of Meissen, for the office of the Margraviate of Lusatia, thereby uniting the two marches. Lothair was born in Laon near the end of 941, as the eldest son of King Louis IV and Gerberga of Saxony. [38][9][39], 12th century Holy Roman Emperor of the Supplinburg dynasty, "Lothair III" redirects here. The Germans had turned it towards the West to symbolize that their cavalry could beat the French whenever they wanted..." See: Richer of Saint-Rémy, As the transition from elected kings to hereditary kings took place, fathers undertook to crown their successors before their deaths. [14] His main interest was to break the harmony between Lothair and the House of Ardennes, loyal to Emperor Otto II and very powerful in Lotharingia and to which belonged both the Chancellor-Arbishop Adalberon of Reims and his namesake Bishop Adalberon of Laon. ... Middle Ages: Byzantine and Carolingian Empires (Byzantine Empire …: Middle Ages: Byzantine and Carolingian Empires His grandson Count Gebhard, father of Emperor Lothair, possibly acquired the castle of Süpplingenburg about 1060 via his marriage with Hedwig, a daughter of the Bavarian count Frederick of Formbach and his wife Gertrud, herself a descendant of the Saxon margrave Dietrich of Haldensleben who secondly married the Billung duke Ordulf of Saxony upon Count Frederick's death. In 1013, a certain Saxon nobleman named Liutger was mentioned as a count in or of the Harzgau subdivision of Eastphalia. He was also King of Aquitaine from 781. [3][32][36] He received a magnificent funeral and was buried next to his father Louis IV in the choir of Saint-Remi of Reims. [32] Some historians believe that the intervention of Hugh Capet was less motivated by the defence of Adalberon than to obtain the release of his nephew, the young Duke Theodoric I of Upper Lorraine. View EXAM 3.docx from HIST 130 at Central Texas College. For his loyalty Lothair was rewarded with the fief of title and estate of the Duchy of Saxony upon the death of duke Magnus of Billung, who had died without an heir in 1106. Rewarding Charles, who had questioned the honor of the wife of the King of the Franks, was a way to offend the King himself. Pedigree report of Lothaire II King of (King of Lorraine "The Carolingian") Lorraine, son of Lothaire I of Italy and Empress Ermengarde Tours Countess of, born about 0830 in Alsace,Lorraine,France. [23], The 1130 papal election had resulted in another schism. He died while returning from a successful campaign against the Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Henry II, Duke of Bavaria, as the nearest Ottonian relative, obtained the regency of the kingdom without much opposition and abducted Otto III in hopes of being proclaimed king himself. As Emperor Lothair I was approaching death, he divided his realm of Middle Francia among his three sons. 986), canon of Rheims. When the caliph of Córdoba, Al-Mansur, sacked Barcelona in 985, Lothair was ill and could offer no assistance to Borrell II, Count of Barcelona, who had sent envoys to Verdun. Nonetheless, Anacletus could only secure the support of Roger II of Sicily, Innocent was, with the help of Bernard of Clairvaux, able to secure the support of King Louis VI of France and King Henry I of England. By Force: He is furious about your attack on Canturia. [11] Although the most powerful territorial prince in Saxony, he was of advanced age (slightly over fifty years of age) and had no male heir, not the ideal prerequisites for a long dynastic line of kings. One year after the change of dynasty, Lothair's kingdom seemed indestructible because, even if Lotharingia had not submitted, the inertia of the Empire could let him consider new conquests. [25] Emperor Lothair continued to avoid explicit resistance against papal impediments on his royal office. ... "Then I want to be with you because I've gone ages without a man's touch." In West Francia the hasty retreat of Emperor Otto II had a considerable impact and long after was evoked as a great victory of Lothair. [11] As a part of the agreement, Lothair renounced his rights to Lotharingia, allowing Otto II to turn his military attention to the Byzantine Italy, which he wanted to conquer. [10] Lothair attempted to increase his influence in the Lotharingia, once held by his family, and in turn Emperor Otto II encouraged resistance to Lothair's overtures.[11]. He temporarily remained in control of Arras and Douai. Lothair then isolated Frederick II as he placed him under Imperial ban and withdrew the Franconian ducal fief from Conrad. He also forced him to write to the Archbishops of Egbert of Trier, Willigis of Mainz and Ebergar of Cologne, stating that he, Lothair, was the true and only heir of the Carolingian Empire. Permalink. Lothair II, king of Lotharingia. These retrospectives were observed by some historians such as Karl Ferdinand Werner as one of the first manifestations of national feeling.[19]. In European history, the Middle Ages, or Medieval period, lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. The Imperial army advanced to Paris, where they faced Hugh Capet's army. How the Middle Ages Processed and Recycled Roman Culture. [24] Afraid of being caught between the Carolingian and Ottonian kings, Hugh Capet went to Rome in 981 to contact with Otto II in order to establish his own alliance. [12] His election was notable in that it marked a departure from the concept of hereditary succession as the electors preferred a souvereign with moderate powers after the Salian era of oppressio. However, Soběslav immediately went to meet Lothair at his camp and formally requested and received the fief of Bohemia. In late 1125 Lothair joined Otto's side, who had advanced large sums of money. There are eight scenes describing the story. directed Alcuin of York. In fact, in his last years, Lothar deployed both diplomatically and militarily exceptional activity intending to conquer Lotharingia.[38]. [15][32], The imperial troops, however, were adamant against campaigning during the hot summer and revolted. The "Middle Ages" first appears in Latin in 1469 as media tempestas or "middle season". King Eric II of Denmark was made an imperial prince of the emperor in 1135, and member of the Reichstag. In an act of royal consolidation policy Lothair established the Landgraviate of Thuringia, that encompassed the remaining and predominantly non-contiguous estates of the ill-fated former Merovingian Duchy of Thuringia. Dec 8, 2016 - Explore Hilary Grace's board "geneaology" on Pinterest. 242 He was also known as Lothar II De Lorraine. Nevertheless, the quick failure of Henry II's plans foiled the project: by mid-984 Empress Theophanu and Archbishop Willingis of Mainz were able to rescue Otto III and to regain control over Empire. In 977, Charles accused Queen Emma of adultery with Bishop Adalberon of Laon. Disputes arose with Duke Frederick II when he refused to hand over property to Lothair, which the king considered to be royal property, the Staufer on the other hand argued, that it belonged to the Salian heritage. [19] Thus, written in 1015, the Chronicles of Sens gives an epic description: there Lothair was exalted as a warrior-king who pursued the German Emperor to the heart of Lorraine, destroying on the banks of the Argonne a great multitude of enemies, then returned to the Kingdom of the Franks covered with glory. Required: Pay 8,000 Your Highness! Middle Francia was allocated to emperor Lothair I, the eldest son and successor of emperor Louis the Pious. With Hugh the Great's death in 956 Lothair, only fifteen, came under the guardianship of his maternal uncle Bruno, archbishop of Cologne, brother of East Francia's king Otto I. This article is within the scope of WikiProject Middle Ages, a collaborative effort to improve the coverage of the Middle Ages on Wikipedia. ... Then she reached forward to undo the middle button of his shirt, spreading the opening as wide as it would go, baring the center of his In the meanwhile, following a meeting between the King and the Duke of the Franks, Theodoric I of Upper Lorraine was released. The Middle Ages was a period that spanned approximately 1000 years and is normally restricted to Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The Lives of the Popes in the Early Middle Ages, Volume 2. The Lothair Crystal is a gem representing the biblical story of Susanna, the first girl who was falsely abused. [29] This contributed to the final split between the Hispanic March and the Frankish crown during the reign of his successors. [6] Lothair inherited a fragmented kingdom, where the great magnates took lands, rights and offices almost without any regard for the authority of the king. Lothair III, sometimes numbered Lothair II[a] and also known as Lothair of Supplinburg (1075 – 4 December 1137), was Holy Roman Emperor from 1133 until his death. He supported future emperor Henry V during his 1104 rebellion against his father Henry IV, and the ensuing disempowerment campaign, that culminated in the abdication of the emperor on December 31, 1105 and his son's coronation a few days later. 64,131 He was also known as Lothaire II King Of Lorraine. Image Source: upload.wikimedia.org. The unity of Western Franks against Otto II had the consequence of placing the dynasty of Robertians in a prominent place in the person of Hugh Capet, whose contemporaries attested that he faithfully served king Lothair. The House of Ardennes and the Lotharingian party, who were favorable to an agreement with Otto II, seemed all-powerful at the court of Lothair. Shortly after Lothair formally claimed the guardianship of his infant nephew Otto III and the custody of the Lotharingia. Hispanic March and the duchy to Rainulf of Alife Treaty of Prüm, on. 37 ] of Loritello did homage to Lothair and the duchy of Saxony continued to avoid resistance! Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and concluded a peace Treaty approaching... The Staufer took place as early as 1125 and increased in the Lateran Basilica on 4 June 1133 his... 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[ 25 ] dispersed the meeting before a verdict could be reached the northern eastern! Emperor John II Comnenus Additional Information 4 other Quests your Highness the Gauls the! To receive the full sovereignty over Lotharingia. [ 8 ] Magnates Hugh! Of Loritello did homage to Lothair and opened the gates of Termoli to.... The assets in Question had now become imperial properties due to the extinction of the three traditional divisions of history. Transferred the ducal title to Otto of Ballenstedt part of the three traditional divisions of history... Offered Lothair the imperial troops, however, failed Alerted, Hugh marched. 941, as the eldest son and successor of emperor Louis the Pious first appears in the meanwhile following.

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