April 2015, Legal Posturing and Power Relations in the South China Sea, Matthew C. Waxman Foreign Affairs October 6, 2016, Parting the South China Sea: How to Uphold the Rule of Law, Mira Rapp-Hooper Center for Strategic & International Studies Prashanth Parameswaran CFR Blog, "Asia Unbound" China's aircraft carrier Liaoning takes part in a military drill in the western Pacific Ocean on April 18, 2018. Needs a New South China Sea Strategy To Contain Beijing, Jennifer M. Harris China's Liaoning aircraft carrier conducts a drill with accompanying fleet in the South China Sea in December, 2016. It is located south of China and Taiwan; east of Vietnam; and west and north of the archipelago composed by the Philippines, Malaysia, and Indonesia. Related articles. January 21, 2015, U.S. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence June 5, 2018, Concrete and Coral: Tracking Expansion in the South China Sea, Jin Wu, Simon Scarr, and Weiyi Cai July 11, 2019, Sinking of Philippine Boat Puts South China Sea Back at Issue, Jason Gutierrez and Hannah Beech the South China Sea (SCS) has emerged as an arena of U.S.-China strategic competition. The United States has a role in preventing military escalation resulting from the territorial dispute. January 22, 2019, Andrew Chubb ... Ukraine warns Russia withdrawing troops from border will not end war threat. May 24, 2018, Wind in the Sails: China Accelerates Its Maritime Strategy, Liza Tobin The United States has also stepped up its military activity and naval presence in the region in recent years, including freedom of navigation operations (FONOPs) in January and March 2018. June 28, 2018, Two Cardinal Sins of U.S. South China Sea Policy, Ely Ratner China maintains [PDF] that, under international law, foreign militaries are not able to conduct intelligence-gathering activities, such as reconnaissance flights, in its exclusive economic zone (EEZ). However, recently China has intensified their territorial ambitions in the South China Sea, showing no remorse for their aggressive and destructive actions. Inquirer What Characteristics Distinguish Modern Drama From Traditional Drama? As early as the 1970s, countries began to claim islands and various zones in the South China Sea, such as the Spratly Islands, which possess rich natural resources and fishing areas. July 12, 2016, Remarks by Secretary of Defense Ash Carter, Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, Hawaii, Ash Carter July 31, 2017, Lynn Kuok Chinese President Xi Jinping delivers a speech as he reviews a Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy military display in the South China Sea on April 12, 2018. If China controls the region, it will upset the global trade practices and countries like India will directly get affected. May 25, 2017, Mira Rapp-Hooper and Charles Edel The Diplomat The maps show the South China Sea, an arm of the western Pacific Ocean in Southeast Asia, south of China, east and south of Vietnam, west of the Philippines and north of the island of Borneo. South Korea sits across the Yellow Sea from China, while Japan is located across the East China Sea. The South China Sea covers an area of more than 648,000 sq miles (1.7 million sq km), containing more than 200 mostly uninhabitable small islands, rocks and reefs. A More Muscular Britain in the South China Sea? October 22, 2019, Signaling Sovereignty: Chinese Patrols at Contested Reefs, Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative China's bold behavior borders on aggression and must be checked. What Is Coca-Cola's Target Market & Marketing Strategy? Vanishing Borders in the South China Sea. South China Sea: The Disputes and Southeast Asia’s Culture of International Law, Pham Ngoc Minh Trang Concrete and Coral: Tracking Expansion in the South China Sea. May 5, 2016, William G. Frasure September/October 2016, A Line In the Sea: How the Philippines Decision Could Settle the South China Sea, Robert A. Manning and James Przystup October 12, 2017, Despite Common Threat in Beijing, Other South China Sea Rivals Still Spar Among Selves, Ralph Jennings & International Institutions, Europe February 17, 2017, Beijing Strenghtens Control Over The South China Sea As Its Last Rival Goes Soft, Ralph Jennings Washington’s defense treaty with Manila could draw the United States into a potential China-Philippines conflict over the substantial natural gas deposits or lucrative fishing grounds in disputed territory. Al-Jazeera April 2015, Position Paper on the Matter of Jurisdiction in the South China Sea Arbitration, Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs April 2, 2018, What's Behind Beijing's South China Sea Moves–and Why U.S. Patrols Are Making Things Worse, Leslie Fong October 2018, Ivan Watson, Brad Lendon, and Ben Westcott June 20, 2017, U.S. March 20, 2019, Xi's South China Sea ‘Fishermen’ Risk Hooking U.S. into Conflict, Chris Horton and Cliff Venzon South China Morning Post Defense One New York Times, China's Short-Term Victory In the South China Sea, Mira Rapp-Hooper Foreign Affairs North Korea is located to the northeast of the Chinese capital of Beijing. Wall Street Journal May 2015, Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2015, U.S. Department of Defense South China Morning Post The Philippines is across the South China Sea. January 22, 2019, Defusing the South China Sea Disputes: A Regional Blueprint, Center for Strategic and International Studies July 24, 2019, How the Chinese Missile Tests Could Up the Stakes for the U.S. in the South China Sea, Ankit Panda The South China Sea is a semi-enclosed sea. And neighbouring nations such as India, Nepal and Bhutan are experiencing renewed pressure on their borders with China. Philippines warns China of ‘unwanted hostilities’ in sea dispute. In addition to piling sand onto existing reefs, China has constructed ports, military installations, and airstrips—particularly in the Paracel and Spratly Islands, where it has twenty and seven outposts, respectively. Financial Times According to International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition (1953), it is located . Newsweek In a speech during his November 2017 visit to Southeast Asia, President Donald J. Trump emphasized the importance of such operations, and of ensuring free and open access to the South China Sea. In addition to the 14 countries that border the Chinese mainland, China also has maritime borders with the countries of South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, the Philippines and Taiwan. May 20, 2020, The Top Conflicts to Watch in 2019: South China Sea, Center for Preventive Action Where is America Going in the South China Sea? CFR Blog, "Strength Through Peace" September 26, 2019, U.S.-China Strategic Competition in South and East China Seas: Background and Issues for Congress, Ronald O'Rourke Foreign Affairs The South China Sea sees a heavy percentage of world trade that passes through Malacca Strait a part of the South China Sea. The White House The United States, which maintains important interests in ensuring freedom of navigation and securing sea lines of communication (SLOCs), has expressed support for an agreement on a binding code of conduct and other confidence-building measures. Since May 2017, the United States has conducted six FONOPs in the region. September 10, 2017, U.S. to Challenge China With More Patrols in Disputed Waters, Gordon Lubold and Jeremy Page The 14 countries that border China are Russia, India, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Pakistan, Myanmar, Afghanistan, Vietnam, Laos, Kyrgyzstan, Nepal, Tajikistan, North Korea and Bhutan. China is located in East Asia and is the most populated country in the world. May 27, 2015, State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China Foreign Policy Total trade passing through the South China Sea in 2016, Percent of global liquefied natural gas trade transited through the South China Sea in 2017, Acres of new land China created in the Spratly Islands since 2013. The three seas that border China include the Yellow Sea, East China Sea, and the South China Sea. China’s sweeping claims of sovereignty over the sea—and the sea’s estimated 11 billion barrels of untapped oil and 190 trillion cubic feet of natural gas—have antagonized competing claimants Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam. May 2, 2017, China welcomes ASEAN summit declaration on South China Sea, Chinese Patrol Ships Keep Presence Around Malaysian Reefs, Oliver Holmes New York Times China responded angrily to a U.S.-led confrontation over the disputed South China Sea at a security summit in Hanoi last week. October 4, 2017, Indonesia, Long on Sidelines, Starts to Confront China's Territorial Claims, Joe Cochrane According to the United States, claimant countries, under UN Convention of the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), should have freedom of navigation through EEZs in the sea and are not required to notify claimants of military activities. April 12, 2016, Robert D. Blackwill and Kurt M. Campbell The South China Sea disputes involve both island and maritime claims by several sovereign states within the region, namely Brunei, the People's Republic of China (PRC), Taiwan (Republic of China/ROC), Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Naval Institute News Diplomat CFR Expert Brief Chinese warships and fighter jets take part in a military display in the South China Sea on April 12, 2018. May 21, 2020, Oriana Skylar Mastro In July 2016, the Permanent Court of Arbitration at The Hague issued its ruling on a claim brought against China by the Philippines under UNCLOS, ruling in favor of the Philippines on almost every count. April 2015, Beina Xu U.S. Department of Defense Voice of America July 21, 2017, Japan's Delicate Balancing Act in the South China Sea, Benoit Hardy-Chartrand and J. Berkshire Miller China claims over 90 percent of the resource-rich South China Sea as its own territory. August 10, 2016, New Photos Cast Doubt on China’s Vow Not to Militarize Disputed Islands, Philippines vs China: Why the South China Sea ruling may change Asia, The South China Sea and the Limits of UN Conflict Prevention, Jim Della-Giacoma Center for Strategic and International Studies Beijing Takes Its South China Sea Strategy to the Himalayas China built a village in territory also claimed by the kingdom of Bhutan, echoing its aggressive tactics at … August 1, 2017, The Week Donald Trump Lost the South China Sea, Bill Hayton By Bonnie S. Glaser and Gregory Poling June 5, 2018. Border skirmishes are not new to the 3,488-kilometer (2,167-mile) frontier between India and China, most of which remains disputed and undemarcated. March 21, 2016, Philippines v. China arbitration: be careful what you wish for, Sourabh Gupta The countries of Pakistan, Nepal and India lie to China's southwest across the Himalayan mountain range. December 13, 2016, Amid South China Sea uncertainty, Indonesia stages a show of force, Evelin Danubrata Center for Strategic and International Studies January 26, 2016, Military Confrontation in the South China Sea, Oriana Skylar Mastro Grading the South China Sea Arbitration, Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative June 27, 2017, In the South China Sea, the U.S. is Struggling to Halt Beijing’s Advance, Dan De Luce and Keith Johnson ... rocks and reefs. The Diplomat February 16, 2019, China’s Actions in the South and East China Seas: Implications for U.S. Interests—Background and Issues for Congress, Congressional Research Service Also in response to China’s assertive presence in the disputed territory, Japan has sold military ships and equipment to the Philippines and Vietnam in order to improve their maritime security capacity and to deter Chinese aggression. Foreign Affairs IPI Global Observatory November 15, 2017, Remarks by Secretary Mattis at Shangri-La Dialogue, Jim Mattis By: Molly Cook* As early as the 1970s, countries began to claim islands and various zones in the South China Sea. CFR Backgrounder, Revising U.S. Grand Strategy Toward China, Robert D. Blackwill and Ashley J. Tellis, Council Special Report China has made a “threat of war” over its arbitrary borders in the South China Sea. September 1, 2017, Why Tensions Are Rising Between Vietnam and China, Hunter Marston In addition to the 14 countries that border the Chinese mainland, China also has maritime borders with the countries of South Korea, Japan, Vietnam, the Philippines and Taiwan. March 9, 2016, Stirring up the South China Sea (IV): Oil in Troubled Waters, International Crisis Group August 2018, With Ships and Missiles, China Is Ready to Challenge U.S. Navy in Pacific, Steven Lee Myers May 3, 2016, The Overlooked Gap in the Southeast Asia Maritime Security Initiative, Conor Cronin China's borders include land in East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, Central Asia, Inner Asia and Northeast Asia. South China Morning Post Foreign Affairs June 5, 2016, Soft Power: Beijing Puts on a Show on Disputed South China Sea Island, Jane Perlez and Yufan Huang Foreign Affairs June 9, 2016, Tensions Escalate Over South China Sea Claims, Tom Benner January 14, 2019, The U.S.-Southeast Asia Relationship: Responding to China’s Rise, Exposing China’s Actions in the South China Sea, Ely Ratner New York Times And though China also makes territorial claims in the East and Yellow Seas, these specks of land are not marked by dotted boundaries. India’s 55 % of trade passes through the Strait of Malacca which opens into the South China Sea. Diplomat August 29, 2018, Bonnie S. Glaser and Gregory Poling Diplomat Mongolia is located due north of China, while Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan lie to the northwest. Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative March 8, 2018, New Photos Show China is Nearly Done With Its Militarization of South China Sea, Frances Mangosing CFR Contingency Planning Memorandum Crew watch as U.S. Navy E2C Hawkeye lands on the deck of an aircraft carrier in the South China Sea on March 3, 2017. August 15, 2017. April 28, 2016, How China’s fishermen are fighting a covert war in the South China Sea, Simon Denyer The China Sea consists of two parts, the South China Sea (Chinese: Nan Hai) and the East China Sea (Chinese: Dong Hai), which connect through the shallow Taiwan Strait between Taiwan and mainland China. January 25, 2018. National Interest The Diplomat April 12, 2016, What China Has Been Building in the South China Sea, Derek Watkins The exact land area can sometimes be challenged by border disputes, including those concerning Taiwan, Aksai Chin, the Trans-Karakoram Tract, the South China Sea Islands, the Senkaku Islands, and South Tibet. China is an East Asian country, situated in the Northern and Eastern hemispheres of the Earth. The failure of Chinese and Southeast Asian leaders to resolve the disputes by diplomatic means could also undermine international laws governing maritime disputes and encourage destabilizing arms buildups. The SCS, ECS, and Yellow Sea border three U.S. treaty allies: Japan, South Korea, and the Philippines. April 28, 2019, China’s Next Phase of Militarization in the South China Sea, Scott N. Romaniuk and Tobias Burgers In recent years, satellite imagery has shown China’s increased efforts to reclaim land in the South China Sea by physically increasing the size of islands or creating new islands altogether. CFR Policy Innovation Memorandum March 29, 2018, Perspectives on the South China Sea Dispute in 2018, Hong Thao Nguyen and Binh Ton-Nu Thanh To protect its political, security, and economic interests in the region, the United States has challenged China’s assertive territorial claims and land reclamation efforts by conducting FONOPs and bolstering support for Southeast Asian partners. East & North Africa, construct military and industrial outposts. September 24, 2019, New Allies Vietnam, Australia Express Concern Over South China Sea Tensions, James Pearson and Khanh Vu The Washington Post New York Times The South China Sea is bounded on the west by the Asian mainland, on the south by a rise in the seabed between Sumatra and Borneo, and on the east by Borneo, the Philippines, and Taiwan. August 4, 2015, Bonnie S. Glaser June 13, 2019, China's Most Destructive Boats Return to the South China Sea, Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative Contingency Planning Memorandum In 2013, China created an air defence identification zone over the East China Sea, encompassing the disputed archipelago, within which commercial … Brunei, Malaysia, the Philippines, Taiwan, China and Vietnam have competing territorial claims in the South China Sea, a key global trading route that is also rich in natural resources. What Does It Mean When You See An Owl In Daytime? April 6, 2018, Course Correction: How to Stop China's Maritime Advance, Ely Ratner U.S. August 5, 2019, China's Maritime Militias in the South China Sea, Greg Polling Types of Star Symbols & Their Meanings. The Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei and Indonesia have the same fears as Vietnam when it comes to the South China Sea. Aristocratic Advantages & Disadvantages, What Do Stars Symbolize? 80 percent of China's energy imports and 39.5 percent of China's … 1 The South China Sea encompasses an area of around 1.4 million square miles. Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) Navy personnel take part in a military display in the South China Sea on April 12, 2018. Foreign Affairs (For additional information on the U.S. security treaties with Japan the Philippines, April 5, 2017, Pete Cobus China’s claims threaten SLOCs, which are important maritime passages that facilitate trade and the movement of naval forces. January 31, 2019, How the U.S. Can Step Up in the South China Sea, Greg Poling and Bonnie S. Glaser Protestors display placards during a rally outside the Chinese Consulate in Makati, the Philippines, to protest China's reclamation activities in the South China Sea on February 10, 2018. U.S. Department of Defense December 7, 2014, Henry A. Kissinger Senior Fellow for U.S. Foreign Policy, C. V. Starr Senior Fellow and Director for Asia Studies. September 2015, A Security Message for the South China Sea, Karen Brooks Congressional Research Service CFR Council Special Report CFR Contingency Planning Memorandum Update U.S. Navy aircraft carrier USS Theodore Roosevelt in the Strait of Malacca on April 1, 2018. January 16, 2017, Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative Indonesia said on Monday it had protested to Beijing over the presence of a Chinese coastguard vessel in its territorial waters near the disputed South China Sea… July/August 2017, The False Choices of War or Accommodation in the South China Sea, Ely Ratner The body of water is bounded by the east coast of the Malay Peninsula and the southern part of the Gulf of Thailand. Hong Kong and Macau go even further to complicate the implications of China's borders because even though both territories have their own national symbols, jurisdictions, and even their own separate border controlcust… China borders more countries than any other country except Russia. Reuters An aerial view of a China-occupied Subi Reef at Spratly Islands in the South China Sea, April 21, 2017. Eurasia, Middle Meanwhile, China continues to construct military and industrial outposts on artificial islands it has built in disputed waters. Center for Strategic and International Studies The archipelago is located along the northwestern boundary of the South China Sea and is claimed by China, Vietnam, and the Philippines. An estimated US$3.37 trillion worth of global trade passes through the South China Sea annually, which accounts for a third of the global maritime trade. Brookings Institution China, under the rule of the nationalist Kuomintang party, demarcates its territorial claims in the South China Sea with an eleven-dash line on a map. Unscramble My Words: Best Word Games For Those Who Want to Stay Mentally Fit. Vanishing Borders in the South China Sea The U.S. Must Do More to Stop China's Encroachments. CFR Blog, “Strength Through Peace” Francis Malasig / Reuters. May 9, 2018, How China Is Quietly Increasing Its Ability to Wage War at Sea, Collin Koh Center for Strategic and International Studies, Ivan Watson, Brad Lendon, and Ben Westcott, Benoit Hardy-Chartrand and J. Berkshire Miller, Center for Strategic & International Studies, CFR Contingency Planning Memorandum Update, Robert D. Blackwill and Ashley J. Tellis, Council Special Report, U.S. House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence, State Council Information Office of the People's Republic of China, Diplomacy Maritime Awareness Project The Interpreter May 18, 2017, Trump’s Turn Toward China Curtails Navy Patrols in Disputed Zones, Helene Cooper June 3, 2017, Permanent Court of Arbitration While China is a signatory to the treaty, which established the tribunal, it refuses to accept the court’s authority. The border with Vietnam has extra “potential for conflict” because it is along the disputed South China Sea, Vuving said. Hal Brands and Zack Cooper South China Sea tensions at boiling point as Beijing tells Coast Guard to shoot, Philippines reacts. Guardian Foreign Policy China has militarized Woody Island by deploying fighter jets, cruise missiles, and a radar system. February 5, 2018, Why a South China Sea Diplomatic Breakthrough Is Unlikely, Gregory Poling July 14, 2019, Failing or Incomplete? China shares its borders with 14 countries: Mongolia in the north; Russia and North Korea in the northeast; Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, India, Bhutan and Nepal in the south; Pakistan in the southwest; Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan in the west. Bonnie S. Glaser and Gregory Poling Foreign Affairs June 5, 2018. Reuters The Diplomat Dashes, it appears, are reserved for the South China Sea. And that appears to be pushing many of them closer to the United States. CNN Tensions between China and both the Philippines and Vietnam have recently cooled, even as China increased its military activity in the South China Sea by conducting a series of naval maneuvers and exercises in March and April 2018. March 17, 2016, South China Sea and Freedom of Navigation, Jonathan G. Odom China Trashes U.S. Military 'Cold War' Report, Defends Border Moves on Land and Sea Tom O'Connor 9/2/2020 Historic settlement for Floyd's family brings uncertainty to Chauvin trial & Foreign Affairs Foreign Affairs August 23, 2019, The Cyber Dimension of the South China Sea Clashes, Mark Manantan The Philippines is across the South China Sea. May 17, 2018, Remarks by President Trump on His Trip to Asia, Donald Trump Chinese energy exploration in the South China Sea sparked anti-China protests in Vietnam in 2014 after the China National Offshore Oil Corp (CNOOC) deployed a drilling rig near the disputed Paracel Islands. Owl Symbolism & Meanings, What Is Aristocracy? New York Times April 7, 2018, Ngo Minh Tri July 17, 2016, Surface Tension: Chinese Aggression Roils Southeast Asian Waters, Stewart Patrick Forbes February 2016, Joshua Kurlantzick March 16, 2019, South China Morning Post December 21, 2017, South China Sea: Fourth US FONOP in Five Months Suggests a New Operational Rhythm, Ankit Panda Russia -- 160,000 square kilometers still unilaterally claimed by China, despite China signing several … Foreign Affairs China is a country located in East Asia with an area of 9,596,960 km (3,705,410 sq mi). Reuters The South China Sea is a key commercial thoroughfare connecting Asia with Europe and Africa, and its seabed is rich with natural resources. South Korea sits across the Yellow Sea from China, while Japan is located across the East China Sea. Voice of America, Crunch Time for Washington and Beijing in the South China Sea, Dan De Luce and Keith Johnson The countries to the south are Bhutan, Myanamar, which is also known as Burma, Laos and Vietnam. Foreign Policy CFR Blog, "The Internationalist" War on the Rocks May 20, 2019, U.S. China is currently involved in land and sea border disputes with a number of its neighbors, including Malaysia, the Philippines, Vietnam and Brunei. Tajikistan is located to the west of China. Nikkei Asian Review New York Times Taiwan borders both the East and South China Seas. The southern boundary of the South China Sea is a rise in the seabed between Sumatra and Borneo, and the northern boundary stretches from the northernmost point of Taiwan to the coast of Fujian province, China, in the Taiwan Strait. 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