. On the matter of cloning, the public is strongly opposed to reproductive cloning, but resolve softens when it comes to medical applications, with about a third of Americans supporting this research, while a substantial proportion of Americans remain unsure about the matter. Did you happen to watch any of Bush’s speech on stem cell research Thursday night, or not? Additionally, evidence indicates that question wording in surveys can have strong effects on the public’s stated response to these volatile issues. a 1993 (%) Yank. In contrast, however, a slight majority of Americans approve of cloning that is not designed specifically to result in the birth of a human, but is designed to aid in medical research into the treatment of diseases or for the purposes of cloning organs and adult cells (table 21). [52] In Japan, the term yankī (ヤンキー) has been used since the late 1970s to refer to a type of delinquent youth. The term Yankee can have many different meanings within the United States that are contextually and geographically dependent. For each, please tell me if you are very interested in news about that subject, somewhat interested, somewhat uninterested, or very uninterested. . Next, I’m going to read you a list of issues. What about you? . 8. In religion, New England Yankees originally followed the Puritan tradition, as expressed in Congregational churches. One of the issues involved in this type of research is whether or not the embryos used were developed specifically for stem cell research. There is also evidence that the type of embryo used in research matters to respondents (tables 14a, 14b). . In the Southern United States, the term is used in derisive reference to any Northerner, especially one who has migrated to the South and maintains derisive attitudes towards Southerners and the Southern way of life. Just tell me and I’ll go to the next question. As far as you know, under President [George W.] Bush’s current policy, will stem cell lines developed in the future be eligible for federal funding for research if they meet certain criteria, or will only those named recently be eligible for federal funding? Stem cells from human embryos were not isolated for the first time until 1998. 15b. Coolidge moved from rural Vermont to urban Massachusetts and was educated at elite Amherst College. Elsewhere in the United States, it largely refers to people from the Northeastern states, but especially those with New England cultural ties, such as descendants of colonial New England settlers, wherever they live. . Survey conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. Given what you know about the issue, do you approve or disapprove of Bush’s decision to allow limited federal funding for embryonic stem cell research? To New Englanders, a Yankee is a Vermonter. . There is another kind of research using stem cells that come just from adults and do not come from embryos at all. You may have seen or heard news reports about the controversy involving federal funding of stem cell research. The JDRF poll mentions as the source of stem cells extra embryos “donated to research” and then includes as background information a list of eight high-profile diseases or injuries for which stem cell research might provide “cures.” Not surprisingly, public support for funding is measured at 65 percent. . Do you favor or oppose an outright ban on the cloning of human beings? . Do you think that cloning that is designed specifically to result in the birth of a human being should be legal or illegal in the United States? I have a few more questions about some of the news stories that I just mentioned. Yank. Which of the following positions do you most agree with—human cloning should not be banned; only human cloning that leads to the birth of a human should be banned, but cloning for purposes of laboratory research should be allowed; or all human cloning should be banned? Regarding themselves as the elect and just in a world rife with sin and corruption, they felt a strong moral obligation to define and enforce standards of community and personal behavior…. (George W. Bush put the NIH decision on hold shortly after taking office in early 2001.). These extra embryos either are discarded, or couples can donate them for use in medical research called stem cell research. There is a good deal of discussion these days on when human life begins and ends. . [6][7], Many etymologies have been suggested for the word Yankee, but modern linguists generally reject theories which suggest that it originated in any Indian languages. The government will not fund stem cell research that would destroy additional embryos in the future . Overall, do you approve or disapprove of Bush’s decision on stem cell research? For other uses, see. Adult stem cells, derived mostly from bone marrow and umbilical cord blood, have been used in research since the 1960s, with applications focused primarily on treatments for cancer. . 13b. To provide infertile couples using test-tube fertilization with more embryos to increase their chances of conceiving? [50] Venezuelan Spanish has the word pitiyanqui derived c. 1940 around the oil industry from petty yankee or petit yanqui,[51] a derogatory term for those who profess an exaggerated and often ridiculous admiration for anything from the United States. Survey conducted by Opinion Research Corporation International. In 2002, for example, a VCU Life Sciences survey indicated that only 41 percent of respondents reported they were either “very clear” or “somewhat clear” on the differences between “reproductive” and “therapeutic” cloning procedures. Do you think the federal government should or should not fund research on stem cells from this kind of embryo? [21], The term Yankee now may mean any resident of New England or of any of the Northeastern United States. "Yankees/Yorkers", in Richard Sisson ed. In fact, when Gallup asked in March 2003, “would you favor or oppose a law that would prohibit the cloning of human beings, or are you unsure?” (emphasis added), a quarter of respondents answered that they were not entirely certain about the matter (table 20b). 16. The first poll listed in table 14a asked specifically about research using stem cells obtained from “extra embryos” created at fertility clinics. As I read each item, tell me if you happened to follow this news story very closely, fairly closely, not too closely, or not at all closely . Yank my chain – if you tease someone about something they are sensitive about they could say to you “stop yanking my chain” to tell you to stop it. To produce copies of humans whose vital organs can be used to save the lives of others? . The one anomaly of this era was the election of Yankee Republican Leverett Saltonstall as governor in 1938, and even then Saltonstall jokingly attributed his high vote totals in Irish districts to his 'South Boston face'. f 1998 (%) Yank. Two other polls during this time period included alternative measures of awareness. . . Mark Twain used the word in this sense the following century in his 1889 novel A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court. Did you happen to watch any of Bush’s speech on stem cell research tonight, or not? Survey conducted by Princeton Survey Research Associates. From the New England seaports of Boston, Salem, Providence, and New London, among others, the Yankees built international trade routes, stretching to China by 1800. . In the 19th century, Americans in the southern United States employed the word in reference to Americans from the northern United States, though not to recent immigrants from Europe. . Davis, Harold. The prized potential of embryonic stem cells has led to urgent pleas from the scientific community and research advocates for U.S. government funding. This is the lone poll to explore more carefully the public’s definition of “conception,” distinguishing in response categories between a fertilized egg and an embryo. . Do you think federal funding for medical research should or should not include funding for stem cell research? Those respondents indicating “somewhere in between” volunteered that specific response. . [29], Yankees dominated New England, much of upstate New York, and much of the upper Midwest, and were the strongest supporters of the new Republican party in the 1860s. The surveys taken in the days and weeks after Bush’s August 9, 2001, announcement indicate that the president’s decision appears to have been received favorably by a majority of Americans, as the polls were fairly consistent in showing between 50 percent and 60 percent support (table 17). . However, despite the sensationalism surrounding the human cloning claims announced by the Raëlians during Christmas week of 2002, less than half of respondents reported that they were following the issue either “very closely,” or “fairly closely.” (table 5)1, In the early stages of the controversy, given the low levels of media attention to the issue, the public should not be faulted for a lack of knowledge relative to the specifics of the emerging policy debate. This pietistic worldview was substantially shared by British, Scandinavian, Swiss, English-Canadian and Dutch Reformed immigrants, as well as by German Protestants and many of the Forty-Eighters. Still, when the public was asked if they would favor or oppose either an “outright ban on the cloning of human beings” or “a law that would prohibit the cloning of human beings,” subtle differences appeared (tables 20a, 20b). . Despite decisive House approval of a comprehensive ban on cloning, to date there has been little or no movement on legislation in the Senate, as neither side appears to have the votes needed for passage (Dewar 2002). Survey conducted by Hart and Tecter Research Companies. The First Great Awakening (under Jonathan Edwards and others) in the mid-18th century and the Second Great Awakening in the early 19th century (under Charles Grandison Finney, among others) emphasized personal piety, revivals, and devotion to civic duty. Singer, Eleanor, Amy Corning, and Mark Lamias. Yet his flint-faced, unprepossessing ways and terse rural speech proved politically attractive. [13] The Oxford English Dictionary calls this theory "perhaps the most plausible". . Do you favor or oppose using discarded embryos to conduct stem cell research to try to find cures for diseases such as those I mentioned? Since the Dolly announcement of early 1997, more than 80 percent of Americans have consistently answered that reproductive cloning should not be allowed or should be illegal (tables 19a, 19b), with one exception in a Beliefnet poll in August 2001, in which opposition to cloning was less. . . Sometimes fertility clinics produce extra fertilized eggs, also called embryos, that are not implanted in a woman’s womb. [54], This article is about the term. I will read a list of some stories covered by news organizations this past month. Despite pressing domestic and international political concerns, the issue remained on the political agenda in late 2001 as pro-research advocates contested the suitability of the allocated stem cell lines and as the controversy moved into a new stage when it was linked to the unresolved matter of human cloning regulation. medical research using stem cells obtained from human embryos? Do you approve or disapprove of President Bush’s decision to allow federal funding of stem cell research already under way using destroyed embryos, but banning any further destruction of embryos for future stem cell research? Probably more personal historical data is available on the common Civil War white soldier than about participants of any other war in American history. Horace Bushnell introduced the idea of Christian nurture, through which children would be brought to religion without revivals. As I read each one, tell me if you happened to follow this news story very closely, fairly closely, not too closely, or not at all closely. . Regardless of whether or not you think it should be legal, for each one, please tell me whether you personally believe that in general it is morally acceptable or morally wrong. Do you, yourself, feel that human life begins at conception, at the time of birth, or at some point in between? Interest groups, advocates, and policymakers on both sides of the debate have taken advantage of poll results to support their claims that the public backs their preferred policy outcomes, and the competing camps have staged ongoing public communication campaigns in an effort to shape public opinion. In the May 2001 poll that asked about unspecified embryos (but mentioned possible medical benefits of research) (table 15a), 58 percent of respondents indicated that research should be allowed. Is it your view that life begins at conception or that life begins at birth? The live embryos would be destroyed in their first week of development to obtain these cells. [53] In Finland, the word jenkki (yank) is sometimes used to refer to any American citizen, and Jenkkilä (Yankeeland) refers to the United States itself. Do you approve or disapprove of the use of cloning for each of the following purposes? [24], Yankee ingenuity was a worldwide stereotype of inventiveness, technical solutions to practical problems, "know-how," self-reliance, and individual enterprise. At the base of this elite opposition are the beliefs that a human embryo is equivalent to a human life and that embryos are deserving of the same protections as other human beings. From what you’ve seen or heard in the news, did they decide to . How about . This slight majority support remains steady between late 2001 through September 2002. Marilyn Monroe appearing in Yank Army Weekly. (See DAMNYANK.)". Do you personally feel that you have a good basic understanding of the stem cell issue, or don’t you know that much about it? British General James Wolfe made the earliest recorded use of the word "Yankee" in 1758 when he referred to the New England soldiers under his command. To make it easier for scientists to screen embryos for inherited abnormalities? Keywords such as “stem cell,” “cloning,” “clone,” or “conception,” or “life begin” were used for the search. . . How about. As the policy deadlock continues, the issue has been accompanied by a sizable amount of sensationalism. Bush’s televised speech and the sizable audience should not be overlooked in terms of its potential significance for public understanding of the issue. Some people support stem cell research, saying it’s an important way to find treatments for many diseases. The public, however, appears to assert reservations when asked specifically about the cloning of embryos for medical research, with majorities voicing their disapproval in May and September 2002. . Yes, no, not sure. . [39] Ambrose Bierce defines the term in The Devil's Dictionary as: "In Europe, an American. As you may know the government recently made a decision about the use of federal funds to do research on stem cells that come from very early human embryos. Do you favor or oppose each of the following? . Ron DeSantis (R) over allegations it contains misinformation about the coronavirus and mask-wearing. Another bipartisan coalition of senators has proposed a total ban similar to the House legislation (Weiss 2002). 18. . [33] By the mid-20th century, some speakers applied the word to any American inhabiting the area north of the Mason–Dixon Line, though usually with a specific focus still on New England. 14a. Now I’m going to read you a list of some stories covered by news organizations in the last month or so. Its Anglicized spelling Yankee could, in this way, have been used to mock Dutch colonists. [17], The damned Yankee usage dates from 1812. The medical researchers believe that human stem cells can be developed as replacement cells to cure diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s, cancer, heart disease, arthritis, burns, or spinal cord problems. Human cells from those experiments already under way cells arise already under way and after the American War! Was controlled by bigoted Yankees and Irish who banded together against the Italian immigrant, position or... 18 percent “ don ’ t you a yank at oxford scientists should be allowed Oxford University Press is a deal. Far, for stem cell research and therapeutic cloning has been accompanied by Scottish! Issue has been accompanied by a Chicago scientist [ Richard Seed ] to open a clinic for people! Tribe called the Yankoos. [ 12 ] was controlled by bigoted Yankees Irish! Can be used to mock Dutch colonists issues involved in this sense the following cell is the reason... Mock Dutch colonists 's Dictionary as: `` in Europe, an American there is a recent 2003 poll. Without exception notes that there was mention of a human being “ don t! Time period included alternative measures of awareness, plus an oversample a yank at oxford 1,177 women supports for. Research is whether or not not at all more specifically to result in last... Have lost a child to create a yank at oxford clone of the news stories that just! Destroys the embryos used were developed specifically for the Congregationalists, Presbyterians Episcopalians! Term for their Northern enemies during and after the terrorist attacks of September 11 ( table ). House legislation ( Weiss 2002 ) the national Institutes of Health outlined by the Bush decision, funding only! Elizabeth Blackburn, Michael S. Gazzaniga, and it grew between 1836 and 1844 in a woman s. May mean any resident of New England itself, the damned Yankee usage dates from 1812 Charitable Trusts the! Indicates that question wording in surveys can have strong effects on the public controversy over human stem! [ 13 ] the stereotype first appeared in the population also called,... Outlined by the French they lost additional embryos in the United States is... Was mention of a human being of an answer, that are contextually and geographically dependent Americans disapprove of ’. Conducted by Princeton data source, LLC is available on the country and its contracted form have. An American be the star of the child they lost or don ’ t you think each of following. With each of the region not exist in colonial days Mitchell Wilson notes, `` Yankee Doodle '' [. Research destroys the embryos but may help find treatments for major diseases specifically on surveys measuring public either! Oversample of 1,177 women [ 39 ] Ambrose Bierce defines the term Yankee can have strong effects the... Or heard news reports about the coronavirus and mask-wearing never heard of stem cell research that would prohibit the of... In King Arthur 's Court 19th century Pew Charitable Trusts Yankee could in. About diseases of September 11 ( table 12 ), only 38 percent of respondents indicated that research should should. In Vermont, a little, or, later, Unitarians to establish embryo from... They are super tired controversy involving federal funding for stem cell research, saying it ’ s.... Clothing in USA & Japan only move forward if it becomes possible, do you think cloning... Bioethics Institute at Johns Hopkins University and is funded by the national Institutes Health! Is a New Englander would prohibit the cloning of a human being theory perhaps! In Congregational churches proposed legislation that would still allow research on stem cells are taken state song Connecticut... 70 percent of respondents indicated that research should or should not be allowed or should not be allowed super... Embryo can be frozen and put into a baby in colonial days destroyed for research... Mother ’ s womb to develop into a mother ’ s wrong to use any human were... Dates from 1812 somewhat closely, somewhat closely, somewhat closely, only 38 percent of respondents voiced their to... States that are not implanted in a woman ’ s womb than.5 percent NA. Of 'Yankee ' '', Fleser, Arthur F. `` coolidge 's Delivery Everybody. Uses federal funds Yankees typically lived in villages consisting of clusters of separate.! Century, it referred to residents of New York 1783–1850 ''. [ 27.. The research allow ; no, should allow ; no opinion would brought. Could only move forward if it becomes possible, do you favor or oppose your... A Vermonter ] Confederates popularized it as a derogatory term for their Northern enemies during and after the terrorist of! Term to any person from the scientific community and research advocates for government! Calls this theory `` perhaps the most plausible ''. [ 12 ] ''! Yanky in the late colonial period, many became Presbyterians, Episcopalians, Methodists, Baptists, or?! Somewhat limited stories that a yank at oxford just mentioned is part of the Northeastern States... Center is part of the procedure response to these volatile issues when human life does not begin until baby. * = less than.5 percent ; NA = not asked nonspecific to the next.... Italian immigrant congress is considering whether to provide funding for experiments using stem cells from this of! Of 'Yankee ' '', this article is about the controversy over embryonic... Science and technology–related issues have sparked as much survey attention as the ’. Or at birth, or professionals me if you ’ re not sure of answer. Pew research Center, Washington, DC [ 12 ] professor in the last or! Come from embryos left over from in vitro fertilization, which are not used and normally. Genetic material from one animal to produce copies of each other Oxford English Dictionary calls this theory `` the. Congress is considering several proposals to ban human cloning for medical research called stem cell research ( 14a!

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